By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D.on March 28, 2011
To date, variations in a growing number of genes have been implicated in the risk for panic disorder, but the magnitude of the impact of each individual gene is relatively small.
The pattern of these implicated genes raises the question of whether there might be molecular “switches” that control the function of groups of genes in a coordinated fashion, which would help to explain the observed findings related to the genetics of panic disorder.
A new study published in the journal Biological Psychiatry implicates one type of molecular switch, microRNAs (miRNAs) as the key factor in panic disorder.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the immediate product of DNA.
The most commonly discussed products of RNA are proteins, hence the common dictum “DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein.” However, miRNAs are small bits of RNA that bind to DNA and control the expression of various genes. There are a large number of miRNAs that have diverse effects on gene expression.
Through case-control studies in three different populations, from Spain, Finland and Estonia, the research team found that at least four miRNAs may be involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder.
Subsequent studies revealed that the miRNAs repress several candidate genes for panic disorder and are involved in the regulation of anxiety-related pathways in the brain.
“These data provide important new evidence that variation in genes coding for miRNAs may coordinate the involvement of a number of risk genes and thereby contribute to the development of panic disorder,” commented Dr. John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry.
Source: Elsevier
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